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Energy Level Diagram of 3d2 Configuration in Tetrahedral Crystal Field and Its Applications to Cr4 + /Mn5 + ‐Doped Luminescent Materials

Energy Level Diagram of 3d2 Configuration in Tetrahedral Crystal Field and Its Applications to... Tanabe–Sugano diagram is a successful guideline for the energy levels of 3dn electrons for half a century. However, it is developed only under the regular octahedral crystal field. With the surging research interests in the near‐infra‐red luminescence of 3d block transition‐metal elements, it becomes an urgent demand to know the energy level diagram of Cr4 + and Mn5 + with 3d2 configuration, which are usually embedded in the tetrahedral site due to the smaller ionic size. Although the Tanabe–Sugano diagram of 3d8 configuration in octahedron is usually used as a substitution for that of 3d2 configuration in tetrahedron, the result mismatches with the crystal field strength and emission profile. In this work, irreducible tensor operator method is applied to derive the full analytical expressions of 3d2 energy levels in the tetrahedral crystal field, based on which the Tanabe–Sugano diagram of 3d2 configuration in tetrahedron is built for the first time. Also provided is a set of formulas for fast estimation of Dq/B$Dq/B$ values, which shows consistency between the crystal field strength and the emission profile among Cr4+, Mn5+‐doped luminescent materials. As it is hoped, this work could provide more deep insights into the luminescence of 3d2 elements. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Advanced Theory and Simulations Wiley

Energy Level Diagram of 3d2 Configuration in Tetrahedral Crystal Field and Its Applications to Cr4 + /Mn5 + ‐Doped Luminescent Materials

Song, Zhen; Liu, Quanlin
Advanced Theory and Simulations , Volume 5 (11) – Nov 1, 2022
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Publisher
Wiley
Copyright
© 2022 Wiley‐VCH GmbH
eISSN
2513-0390
DOI
10.1002/adts.202200466
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Abstract

Tanabe–Sugano diagram is a successful guideline for the energy levels of 3dn electrons for half a century. However, it is developed only under the regular octahedral crystal field. With the surging research interests in the near‐infra‐red luminescence of 3d block transition‐metal elements, it becomes an urgent demand to know the energy level diagram of Cr4 + and Mn5 + with 3d2 configuration, which are usually embedded in the tetrahedral site due to the smaller ionic size. Although the Tanabe–Sugano diagram of 3d8 configuration in octahedron is usually used as a substitution for that of 3d2 configuration in tetrahedron, the result mismatches with the crystal field strength and emission profile. In this work, irreducible tensor operator method is applied to derive the full analytical expressions of 3d2 energy levels in the tetrahedral crystal field, based on which the Tanabe–Sugano diagram of 3d2 configuration in tetrahedron is built for the first time. Also provided is a set of formulas for fast estimation of Dq/B$Dq/B$ values, which shows consistency between the crystal field strength and the emission profile among Cr4+, Mn5+‐doped luminescent materials. As it is hoped, this work could provide more deep insights into the luminescence of 3d2 elements.

Journal

Advanced Theory and Simulations – Wiley

Published: Nov 1, 2022

Keywords: Cr 4 +; crystal field theory; Mn 5 +; Tanabe–Sugano diagram; tetrahedron

References

  • Multiplets of Transition‐Metal Ions in Crystals
    Sugano, S.; Tanabe, Y.; Kamimura, H.
  • Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, Section A: Mathematical and Physical Sciences
    Henry, M.; Larkin, J.; Imbusch, G. F.
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    Avram, N. M.; Brik, M. G.
  • Theoretical Spectroscopy of Transition Metal and Rare Earth Ions: From Free State to Crystal Field
    Brik, M. G.; Ma, C.‐G.
  • Spectroscopic Properties of Rare Earths in Optical Materials
    Liu, G.; Jacquier, B.
  • The 3‐j and 6‐j Symbols
    Rotenberg, M.; Bivins, R.; Metropolis, N.; Wooten, J. K.
  • Spectroscopic Coefficients for the Pn, Dn, and Fn Configurations
    Nielson, C. W.; Koster, G. F.