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the turn ofthe century, at almost the same time as the first open-air paddocks were set up in zoological gardens, the idea arose of keeping different species of these animals together in large enclosures. Reports and pictures brought back by travellers of the teeming animal life in the African grasslands may have aroused the desire to present the zoo visitor with a similarly colourful picture of the most diverse species living together. Since then, these mixed communities, particularly of African horned animals, have been the pride and grief of zoological gardens. As far as I can see, this practice has caused trouble because from the very beginning, certain essential behavioural pecdarities of the relevant species have either not been known at all, or have not been properly evaluated; and most important of all, those effects which captivity brings with it for the animals have not been taken into account. The following remarks are therefore intended as a clear statement of those things which the author, as an ethologist, has to say on the subject. They are certainly not intended as destructive criticism of the keeping of animals in zoos, nor of the people who run zoos; on the
International Zoo Yearbook – Wiley
Published: Jan 1, 1965
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