Get 20M+ Full-Text Papers For Less Than $1.50/day. Start a 14-Day Trial for You or Your Team.

Learn More →

The European Academy of Andrology (EAA) ultrasound study on healthy, fertile men: An overview on male genital tract ultrasound reference ranges

The European Academy of Andrology (EAA) ultrasound study on healthy, fertile men: An overview on... INTRODUCTIONTo date, imaging of the male genital tract (MGT) represents an essential diagnostic tool in andrology, allowing physicians to complete the diagnostic work‐up of the andrologic patient, especially when anamnesis, physical, and biochemical examinations do not provide sufficient information for adequate patient management.1 In particular, ultrasound (US) represents the gold standard method for scrotal investigation,1,2 and a useful tool to evaluate the prostate‐vesicular region.1 Using high‐frequency sound waves, US is a simple, rapid, and harmless diagnostic tool able to provide live images of the MGT organs and, among imaging techniques, is the least expensive.1,2 The high‐resolution grey‐scale mode associated with color‐ and power‐Doppler examination allow sonographers to investigate size, echotexture, and vascular features of the scrotal and prostate‐vesicular organs, and to detect their abnormalities.1,2 So far, scrotal US has shown a relevant impact both on reproductive and general male health, assessing scrotal features related to reproductive health, scrotal pain, masses, and trauma.1–7 In addition, transrectal US (TRUS) application has assumed a growing relevance especially in infertility and chronic pelvic pain assessment.1,8–14Although US has been widely used to explore the MGT organs, until very recently the method used to assess several qualitative and quantitative US parameters had not been standardized, http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Andrology Wiley

The European Academy of Andrology (EAA) ultrasound study on healthy, fertile men: An overview on male genital tract ultrasound reference ranges

Download PDF
15 pages

Loading next page...
 
/lp/wiley/the-european-academy-of-andrology-eaa-ultrasound-study-on-healthy-nrRkirzDdv
Publisher
Wiley
Copyright
© 2022 American Society of Andrology and European Academy of Andrology.
ISSN
2047-2919
eISSN
2047-2927
DOI
10.1111/andr.13260
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

INTRODUCTIONTo date, imaging of the male genital tract (MGT) represents an essential diagnostic tool in andrology, allowing physicians to complete the diagnostic work‐up of the andrologic patient, especially when anamnesis, physical, and biochemical examinations do not provide sufficient information for adequate patient management.1 In particular, ultrasound (US) represents the gold standard method for scrotal investigation,1,2 and a useful tool to evaluate the prostate‐vesicular region.1 Using high‐frequency sound waves, US is a simple, rapid, and harmless diagnostic tool able to provide live images of the MGT organs and, among imaging techniques, is the least expensive.1,2 The high‐resolution grey‐scale mode associated with color‐ and power‐Doppler examination allow sonographers to investigate size, echotexture, and vascular features of the scrotal and prostate‐vesicular organs, and to detect their abnormalities.1,2 So far, scrotal US has shown a relevant impact both on reproductive and general male health, assessing scrotal features related to reproductive health, scrotal pain, masses, and trauma.1–7 In addition, transrectal US (TRUS) application has assumed a growing relevance especially in infertility and chronic pelvic pain assessment.1,8–14Although US has been widely used to explore the MGT organs, until very recently the method used to assess several qualitative and quantitative US parameters had not been standardized,

Journal

Andrology – Wiley

Published: Oct 1, 2022

Keywords: healthy, fertile men; scrotal and transrectal ultrasound; male genital tract ultrasound; scrotal organs reference ranges and normative parameters; prostate and seminal vesicles reference ranges and normative parameters

References

  • Ultrasound of the male genital tract in relation to male reproductive health
    Lotti, F; Maggi, M
  • Historical trends for the standards in scrotal ultrasonography: what was, what is and what will be normal
    Lotti, F; Bertolotto, M; Maggi, M
  • Ultrasound evaluation of varicoceles: guidelines and recommendations of the European Society of Urogenital Radiology Scrotal and Penile Imaging Working Group (ESUR‐SPIWG) for detection, classification, and grading
    Freeman, S; Bertolotto, M; Richenberg, J
  • Classification and pitfalls
    Bertolotto, M; Cantisani, V; Drudi, FM; Varicocoele, LF
  • The EFSUMB guidelines and recommendations for the clinical practice of contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in non‐hepatic applications: update 2017 (long version)
    Sidhu, PS; Cantisani, V; Dietrich, CF
  • The EFSUMB guidelines and recommendations for the clinical practice of elastography in non‐hepatic applications: update 2018
    Săftoiu, A; Gilja, OH; Sidhu, PS
  • Imaging in scrotal trauma: a European Society of Urogenital Radiology Scrotal and Penile Imaging Working Group (ESUR‐SPIWG) position statement
    Ramanathan, S; Bertolotto, M; Freeman, S
  • Clinical practice. Chronic prostatitis and the chronic pelvic pain syndrome
    Schaeffer, AJ
  • The prevalence of midline prostatic cysts and the relationship between cyst size and semen parameters among infertile and fertile men
    Lotti, F; Corona, G; Cocci, A
  • Seminal, clinical and colour‐Doppler ultrasound correlations of prostatitis‐like symptoms in males of infertile couples
    Lotti, F; Corona, G; Mondaini, N
  • Seminal vesicles ultrasound features in a cohort of infertility patients
    Lotti, F; Corona, G; Colpi, GM
  • Practical recommendations for performing ultrasound scanning in the urological and andrological fields
    Martino, P; Galosi, AB; Bitelli, M
  • AIUM practice guideline for the performance of scrotal ultrasound examinations
  • ACR appropriateness criteria® acute onset of scrotal pain‐without trauma, without antecedent mass
    Wang, CL; Aryal, B
  • Urotrauma guideline 2020: AUA guideline
    Morey, AF; Broghammer, JA; Hollowell, CMP; McKibben, MJ; Souter, L
  • Testicular microlithiasis imaging and follow‐up: guidelines of the ESUR scrotal imaging subcommittee
    Richenberg, J; Belfield, J; Ramchandani, P
  • Diagnosis and treatment of infertility in men: AUA/ASRM guideline part I
    Schlegel, PN; Sigman, M; Collura, B
  • The European Academy of Andrology (EAA) ultrasound study on healthy, fertile men: clinical, seminal and biochemical characteristics
    Lotti, F; Frizza, F; Balercia, G
  • The European Academy of Andrology (EAA) ultrasound study on healthy, fertile men: scrotal ultrasound reference ranges and associations with clinical, seminal, and biochemical characteristics
    Lotti, F; Frizza, F; Balercia, G
  • The European Academy of Andrology (EAA) ultrasound study on healthy, fertile men: prostate‐vesicular transrectal ultrasound reference ranges and associations with clinical, seminal and biochemical characteristics
    Lotti, F; Frizza, F; Balercia, G
  • Basic QC Practices: Training in Statistical Quality Control for Healthcare Laboratories
    Westgard, JO; Barry, PL; Quam, EF
  • Guidelines C28‐A2. How to Define and Determine Reference Interval in the Clinical Laboratory: Approved Guideline
  • WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen
  • Reference values for testicular volume, epididymal head size and peak systolic velocity of the testicular artery in adult males measured by ultrasonography
    Pilatz, A; Rusz, A; agenlehner, F; Altinkilic, B
  • Ultrasonic testicular texture and size in 444 men from the general population: correlation to semen quality
    Lenz, S; Giwercman, A; Elsborg, A
  • Cut‐off value of testes volume in young adults and correlation among testes volume, body mass index, hormonal level, and seminal profiles
    Bahk, JY; Jung, JH; Jin, LM; Min, SK
  • Anthropometric, penile and testis measures in post‐pubertal Italian males
    Foresta, C; Garolla, A; Frigo, AC
  • Semen quality impairment is associated with sexual dysfunction according to its severity
    Lotti, F; Corona, G; Castellini, G
  • Epididymal more than testicular abnormalities are associated with the occurrence of antisperm antibodies as evaluated by the MAR test
    Lotti, F; Baldi, E; Corona, G
  • Testicular volume measurements using Prader orchidometer versus ultrasonography in patients with infertility
    Sakamoto, H; Saito, K; Ogawa, Y; Yoshida, H
  • Relationship between testicular volume and conventional or nonconventional sperm parameters
    Condorelli, R; Calogero, AE; La Vignera, S
  • Ultrasound evaluation of testicular volume in patients with testicular microlithiasis
    Pedersen, MR; Osther, PJS; Rafaelsen, SR
  • Relationship between testicular size by ultrasonography and testicular function: measurement of testicular length, width, and depth in patients with infertility
    Sakamoto, H; Yajima, T; Nagata, M; Okumura, T; Suzuki, K; Ogawa, Y
  • Relationship between testicular volume and testicular function: comparison of the Prader orchidometric and ultrasonographic measurements in patients with infertility
    Sakamoto, H; Ogawa, Y; Yoshida, H
  • Causes of male infertility: a 9‐year prospective monocentre study on 1737 patients with reduced total sperm counts
    Punab, M; Poolamets, O; Paju, P
  • Sexual dysfunction and male infertility
    Lotti, F; Maggi, M
  • Striated appearance of the testes
    Loberant, N; Bhatt, S; McLennan, GT; Dogra, VS
  • Clinical relevance of scrotal and transrectal ultrasonography in andrological patients
    Behre, HM; Kliesch, S; Schadel, F; Nieschlag, E
  • Testicular ultrasound inhomogeneity is an informative parameter for fertility evaluation
    Spaggiari, GM; Granata, AR; Santi, D
  • Seminal, ultrasound and psychobiological parameters correlate with metabolic syndrome in male members of infertile couples
    Lotti, F; Corona, G; Degli Innocenti, S
  • Serial ultrasonography, hormonal profile and antisperm antibody response after testicular sperm aspiration
    Westlander, G; Ekerhovd, E; Granberg, S
  • Testicular microlithiasis is associated with impaired spermatogenesis in patients with unexplained infertility
    Rassam, Y; Gromoll, J; Kliesch, S; Schubert, M
  • Testicular cancer in infertile men with and without testicular microlithiasis: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of case‐control studies
    Barbonetti, A; Martorella, A; Minaldi, E
  • Testicular microlithiasis: what urologists should know. A review of the current literature
    Balawender, K; Orkisz, S; Wisz, P
  • Increased risk of cancer among azoospermic men
    Eisenberg, ML; Betts, P; Herder, D; Lamb, DJ; Lipshultz, LI
  • Increased risk of cancer in infertile men: analysis of U.S. claims data
    Eisenberg, ML; Li, S; Brooks, JD; Cullen, MR; Baker, LC
  • Acute epididymitis in ultrasound: results of a prospective study with baseline and follow‐up investigations in 134 patients
    Pilatz, A; Wagenlehner, F; Bschleipfer, T
  • Does color Doppler sonography improve the clinical assessment of patients with acute scrotum?
    Pepe, P; Panella, P; Pennisi, M; Aragona, F
  • Ultrasound of the Testis for the Andrologist: Morphological and Functional Atlas
    Isidori, AM; Lenzi, A
  • Ultrasonographic determination of caput epididymis diameter is strongly predictive of obstruction in the genital tract in azoospermic men with normal serum FSH
    Pezzella, A; Barbonetti, A; Micillo, A
  • Seminal leukocyte concentration and related specific reactive oxygen species production in patients with male accessory gland infections
    Vicari, E
  • Ultrasonographic evaluation of patients with male accessory gland infection
    La Vignera, S; Calogero, AE; Condorelli, RA
  • Ultrasound anatomy of the normal male reproductive tract
    Older, RA; Watson, LR
  • Metabolic syndrome and lower urinary tract symptoms: the role of inflammation
    Gacci, M; Vignozzi, L; Sebastianelli, A
  • Clinical correlates of erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation in men with couple infertility
    Lotti, F; Corona, G; Rastrelli, G; Forti, G; Jannini, EA; Maggi, M
  • Prostate vascular flow: the effect of ejaculation as revealed on transrectal power Doppler sonography
    Keener, TS; Winter, TC; Berger, R
  • Male accessory gland infection and sperm parameters (review)
    La Vignera, S; Vicari, E; Condorelli, RA; D'Agata, R; Calogero, AE
  • Male accessory gland inflammation, infertility, and sexual dysfunctions: a practical approach to diagnosis and therapy
    Calogero, AE; Duca, Y; Condorelli, RA; La Vignera, S
  • Influence of urogenital infections and inflammation on semen quality and male fertility
    Rusz, A; Pilatz, A; Wagenlehner, F
  • Is transrectal ultrasonography a reliable diagnostic approach in ejaculatory duct sub‐obstruction?
    Colpi, GM; Negri, L; Nappi, RE; Chinea, B
  • Transrectal US and endorectal MR imaging in partial and complete obstruction of the seminal duct system. A comparative study
    Engin, G; Kadiog˘lu, A; Orhan, I; Akdo, S; Rozanes, I
  • Ejaculatory duct obstruction
    Fisch, H; Kang, YM; Johnson, CW; Goluboff, ET
  • Clinical usefulness of transrectal sonography and transperineal color Doppler flow imaging in the diagnosis of intrapelvic venous congestion syndrome
    Kamoi, K
  • Hypertrophic‐congestive and fibro‐sclerotic ultrasound variants of male accessory gland infection have different sperm output
    La Vignera, S; Vicari, E; Condorelli, R; D'Agata, R; Calogero, AE
  • Role of transrectal ultrasonography in the evaluation of azoospermic men with low‐volume ejaculate
    Raviv, G; Mor, Y; Levron, J
  • Imaging in male‐factor obstructive infertility
    Donkol, RH